Communication with Non-vocal Tracheostomy Patients on a Ventilator

Because the tracheostomy re-directs air away from the vocal cords, communication may be challenging between patients and their healthcare providers.  The following qualitative study was undertaken using a phenomenological approach with patients who were in a rehabilitation environment, had a tracheostomy, and were non-vocal on a ventilator. The sample size consisted of 19 participants, 10